Based on: Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th ed. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1999. 111-177, and http://www.mla.org/, web page for the Modern Language Association.

NOTE:  ALL CITATIONS SHOULD BE DOUBLE SPACED

Book One Author

Casanova, Ron. Each One Teach One: Up and Out of Poverty: Memoirs of a Street

     Activist. Willimantic, CT: Curbstone Press, 1996.

Book Two or More Authors

Child, Julia, and Jacques Pepin. Julia and Jacques Cooking at Home. New York: Alfred

     A. Knopf, 1999.

Two or More Books by the Same Author

Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism: FourEssays.  Princeton: Princeton University

     Press, 1957.

- - -. The Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion. Toronto: University of

     Toronto Press, 1991.

Book with an Unknown Author

A Guide to Our Federal Lands . Washington: National Geographic Society, 1984.

Book with an Editor

McRae, Murdo W., ed. The Literature of Science: Perspectives on Popular Science

     Writing.  Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1993.

Translation

Eco, Umberto. Foucault’s Pendulum. Trans. William Weaver. San Diego: Harcourt,

     1989.

Work in an Anthology

Bambara, Toni Cade. "My Man Bovanne." Breaking Ice: An Anthology of Contemporary

     Afro-American Fiction. Ed. Terry Macmillan. New York: Penguin, 1990. 33-38.

Multivolume Work

Foot, Shelby.  The Civil War: A Narrative. 3 vols. New York: Random, 1958-1974.

Article in a Reference Book

"Ginsburg, Ruth Bader." Who’s Who in America. 48th ed. 1994.

An Introduction, a Preface, a Forward, or an Afterword

Borges, Jorge Luis.  Forward.  Selected Poems, 1923-1967. Borges. Ed. Norman

     Thomas  DiGiovanni. New York:  Delta-Dell, 1973. xv-xvi.

Signed General Encyclopedia Article

Morse, Edward. "Anticoagulant." World Book Encyclopedia. 1991.

Article in a Less Familiar Reference Book

Le Patourel, John. "Normans and Normandy."  Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Ed.

     Joseph R. Strayer. 13 vols.  New York: Scribner’s, 1997.

Article in a Magazine

Murphy, Austin. "Late Bloomers." Sports Illustrated 28 Oct. 1996: 55-57.

Article in a Scholarly Journal

Pattanaik, Dipti. "The Holy Refusal: A Vedantic Interpretation of J.D. Salinger’s

     Silence."  PMLA 113 (1999):  77-89.

Unsigned Article in a Magazine

"The Decade of the Spy." Newsweek 7 Mar. 1994: 26-27.

Article in a Newspaper

Manning, Anita. "Curriculum Battles from Left and Right." USA Today 2 Mar. 1994: 5D.

Article in a Newspaper with Different Editions

Feder, Barnaby J. "For Job Seekers, a Toll-Free Gift of Expert Advice." New York      

     Times 30 Dec. 1993, late ed.:  D1+.

Reprint (Source within a Source)

Tyler, Anne. "Manic Monologue." The New Republic 17 Apr. 1989: 44-6. Rpt. In

     Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol 58. Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit: Gale, 1990.

     325-6.

Video

Medicine at the Crossroads . Prod. 13/WNET and BBC TV. Videocassette. PBS

     Video, 1993.

Television Program

"Frankenstein: The Making of the Monster."  Great Books. Narr. Donald Sutherland.

     Writ. Eugenie Vink. Dir.  Jonathan Ward. Learning Channel. 8 Sept. 1993.

Parenthetical Documentation

When you use another person’s words, ideas, or facts in your paper, you must give credit.

Use parenthetical documentation to cite such sources within a document.  This is in place of footnotes, which usually appear at the bottom of the page or at the back of the document.  Parenthetical documentation should directly follow the quote or idea within the sentence.  The full citation for the book will appear in your Works Cited page.

EXAMPLES

1. Enclose the author’s last name and source page in parentheses:  (Leonard 21).
2. If there is no author, use a shortened form of the title:  (Renaissance Painting 59).
3. When you use the author’s name in a sentence, you need only put the page number in parentheses after the quote, fact or idea: (42).
4. When citing from TWO or more sources by the same author, indicate which one you used by also including part of the title with the author’s name: (Kalstone, Sidney’s Poetry 27) or (Kalstone, "Love Poems" 96).

---